Hello Guys,
In this post, I wanna share with you the essay I wrote for my education evaluation at the University of Virgin Islands in Washington DC.
It was mandatory and some of the complex once we need to read and understand about the American history. I'm sharing with you cause I think it can be useful for you that wanna know more about the US and its history.
WH-1 / First Topic[1] Part 1
US Embassy takeover in Tehran – The Iran Hostage Crisis
A dramatic way for some Iranian student revolutionaries to take a break with Iran’s past and also an end to the American Interference in its affairs, was given in the fall of 1979 (to be exactly on November 4th), when the U.S. Embassy was stormed in Tehran and a total of 90 people was hostages, being 66 Americans. This episode changed the way of Amerian history.
It was the combination of the several decades of a relationship between The United States and Iran but the timeline for this crisis started in August 1953 with the U.S. Assists in Iran Coup D’ETAT when Mohammad Reza Shah, or for short The Shah, became a brutal dictator and whose his intimacy terrorized and tortured people in Iran. Second CNN website, In 1978 “Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi's authoritarian rule sparks demonstrations and riots”.
The Iran history changed when in January 1979 The Shah Family left his country for “vacations” in Egypt but never returned. By the Spring, March 1979, that year a religious leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini takes the country power, which started The Iranian Revolution. He established a new form of government in the Islamic Republic, who showed no respect for the United States.
In April 1979 after following massive approval in a national referendum, the Islamic Republic of Iran was proclaimed.
After a cancer diagnostic, the Shah flew from Egypt to The United States for treatment. In those days the U.S. power was under President Jimmy’s hands and after some pressure for his committee, the President allowed Shah to enter in the country.
Afterward, the hostage-taking was much about more than Iran’s ex-President medical care, when he arrived on October 1979 at New York Hospital, the Iranian student revolutionaries got angry demanding the extradition of the Shah from the United States, which started on November 1979 a huge protest, with climbing over of the walls of the U.S. Embassy In Tehran and also taking the staff, ranging from the Chargé d’Affaires to the most junior member, as hostages.
The US Embassy should have been better prepared for the attack, the terrorist group was only students and in some point of view, the Carter administration must be negotiated at gunpoint to protect the Embassy staff’s lives of the hostage and the principle that the United States didn’t have its national policy dictated by threat or blackmail.
The group of students was about 450 young Iranians and Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the actual Slamic President, and other in his chaotic regime, who disliked Shah, issued a statement supporting for the students’ actions.
A day after the crisis started the Iranian government canceled military treaties with the U.S. and the Soviet Union, those ones that would permit The United States or Soviet military intervention.
President Jimmy Carter sent former Attorney General Ramsey Clark and Senate Intelligence Committee staff to Iran to negotiate the release of the hostages but Ayatollah Khomeini refuses to meet with them, what made the things more difficult for The United State. With that, U.S. president ordered Iranian assets in U.S. banks to be frozen.
After 13 days of the hostage, the group got a message from Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who was the anti-American cleric, to release of 13 hostages; some of them were female and African-American.
In April 1980, eight U.S. servicemen were killed in a helicopter accident colliding with a transport plane during a failed attempt to rescue the hostages. This episode earned a risky military rescue mission known as Operation Eagle Claw.
With 53 hostages remaining, the group has some problem with one them who was sick and needed some medical care. He was also released. Now with 52 hostages, anyone being killed but also not being treated well, The United Nations Security Council started calling for Iran to release the hostages. Between that time Shah left the United States for Panama, and on March 1980, he returned to Egypt.
President Carter in attempting to do something cut diplomatic ties with Iran, he announced further sanctions and ordered all Iranian diplomats to leave the United States.
In July 1980, The Shah dies of cancer in Egypt and in September of the same year Ayatollah Khomeini set new terms for the hostages’ release, it also included the return of the late Shah’s wealth and the unfreezing of Iranian assets.
Between November 1980 and January 1981, the Deputy Secretary of State Warren Christopher and his delegation worked through mediators in Algeria to negotiate the release of the hostages and in the same month, The United States and Iran signed an agreement to release the hostages and also unfroze Iranian Assets.
The American diplomats were hostage by the Iranians students for 444 days. On January 20, 1981, all the hostages were released and they have flown to Wiesbaden Air Base in Germany and In December 2015, the Congress passed a budget bill that included some provision authorizing each of the 53 hostages to receive $10,000 for each day they were held captive. Thirty-nine years ago and with it was a way to raise the intra/international profile of the revolution’s leader thru American view.
This crisis also dominated the headlines and news broadcasts which made the Administration look week and ineffectual. The release of the hostages was just hours after President Ronald Reagan got the US power, the 40th U.S. president title, which makes many historians believe that hostage crisis cost Jimmy Carter a second term as president once he has defeated in the U.S Presidential Election on November 4, 1980.
One fact that was interesting is that Iran celebrates the embassy takeover as an official Holiday, that has a tradition of every Wednesday in Tehran, tens of thousands show up to hear anti-American speeches.
In November 2016, thousands of Iranians have burned the American flag and chanted anti-US. The main problem between Washington and Tehran is because any country wants to declare lost for what has happened, that means that the two countries have had no diplomatic relations since then. Switzerland is The United States protection power and it provides limited consular services to U.S. citizens in Iran, on another hand, Iran has no embassy in Washington
1. [1] From the chart below select two events/persons. Write a 1,000 word essay about each topic. The assignment is not a group project. Your essays must be in your own words. Do not copy and paste from the internet. Person/event 1- 1,00 words using 5 different sources. Person/event 2- 1,000 words using 5 different sources.
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